Photo Credit: Peter Schreiber Media
The following is a summary of “Mechanisms and Predictive Biomarkers of Allergen Immunotherapy in the Clinic,” published in the January 2024 issue of Allergy & Immunology by Layhadi et al.
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is still the only way to change the course of IgE-mediated allergic diseases like allergic rhinitis. Taking it for three years or more may help with health in the long run. Several parts of the immune system are changed by AIT, which shows how it works to create immunity resistance.
Some of these are fixing breaks in the epithelial barrier, changing the innate immune system, which comprises regulatory dendritic cells and innate lymphoid cells, and activating the adaptive immune system, which includes making regulatory T and B cells. All of these are linked to TH2 and T follicular helper cell reactions to allergens being slowed down, which leads to the production of blocking antibodies. There aren’t enough validated and clinically relevant biomarkers that can be used to track desensitization, efficacy, and the likelihood of response, even though AIT is good at changing the immune response.
These biomarkers could help speed up personalized medication and improve patient care. Biomarkers that are candidates include humoral, cellular, metabolic, and in vivo biomarkers. These are mostly studied in small studies and need to be proven more. For a study, researchers sought to look at the current biomarkers being considered for AIT and talk about what changes can be made to future studies to help them find biomarkers clinically useful for safety, compliance, and effectiveness.
Source: sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213219823012965
