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The following is a summary of “Cardiovascular and renal outcomes of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists among patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials,” published in the June 2024 issue of Primary Care by Rivera et al. 

Multiple cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs) show GLP-1RAs reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in high-risk patients, though some trials lacked cardiovascular benefits. 

Researchers conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the impact of GLP-1RAs on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with or without T2DM, considering sex, eGFR, BMI, and CVD history. 

They conducted a database search for placebo-controlled RCTs on GLP-1RA treatment up to April 2024, followed by data extraction, quality assessment, and analysis using a random effects model with log odds ratios and 95% CIs. 

The results showed that 13 CVOTs including  83,258 patients demonstrated that GLP-1RAs significantly reduced MACE (OR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.80–0.94, P < 0.01), all-cause mortality (OR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.82–0.93, P < 0.001), CV mortality (OR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.81–0.94, P < 0.001), stroke (fatal: OR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56–0.96, P = 0.03; non-fatal: OR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79–0.96, P = 0.005), coronary revascularization (OR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.74–0.99, P = 0.023), and composite kidney outcomes (OR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67–0.85, P < 0.001). GLP-1RA treatment reduced MACE consistently across sex, CVD history, BMI, and eGFR levels. 

They found that GLP-1RA treatment significantly reduced MACE, mortality, stroke, revascularization, and kidney outcomes across all subgroups. 

Source: sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666667724000473