COVID-19 is still spreading worldwide and posing a threat to individuals’ physical and mental health including problematic internet use (PIU). A potentially high-risk group for PIU are those with symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity (ADHD symptoms), because of restrictions in their physical activity levels and engagement in computer diversions requiring only short attention spans.
We used convenience sampling in a cross-sectional survey of university students from 30 universities in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. We assessed PIU using the Internet Addiction Test and ADHD symptoms using the WHO Adult ADHD Self-Report Screening Scale. Using logistic regression and linear regression analyses we adjusted for demographic, epidemic-related and psychological covariates in models of the association between ADHD symptoms and PIU.
Among 11,254 participants, we found a 28.4% (95% CI, 27.5%-29.2%) prevalence of PIU, relatively higher than before the pandemic. In our final logistic regression model, participants with ADHD symptoms had approximately two times the risk for PIU (OR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.89-2.83). Similarly, individuals with depression, anxiety, insomnia, PTSD symptoms and feeling stress during the pandemic had a higher risk of PIU, while those exercising regularly during the pandemic had a lower risk.
The cross-sectional design and reliance on internet based self-reports for ADHD symptoms and PIU assessments, without direct structured interviews for validation, are limitations.
The prevalence of PIU was high during COVID-19, and those people with ADHD symptoms and other mental illness symptoms appear to be at higher risk of PIU. Regular exercise may reduce that PIU risk and hence should be recommended during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.
About The Expert
Yimiao Zhao
Zhendong Jiang
Suihuai Guo
Ping Wu
Qingdong Lu
Yingying Xu
Lin Liu
Sizhen Su
Le Shi
Jianyu Que
Yan Sun
Yankun Sun
Jiahui Deng
Shiqiu Meng
Wei Yan
Kai Yuan
Siwei Sun
Li Yang
Maosheng Ran
Thomas R Kosten
John Strang
Yu Lu
Guofu Huang
Lin Lu
Yanping Bao
Jie Shi
References
PubMed