Thyroid

The thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) is the key autoantigen in Graves’ disease (GD) and associated orbitopathy (GO). Antibodies targeting the TSHR (TSHR-Ab) impact the pathogenesis and the course of GO. This review discusses...

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid carcinoma.To investigate the clinical significance of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) in PTC.A total...

A number of inborn errors of metabolism caused by abnormal protein trafficking that lead to endoplasmic reticulum storage diseases (ERSD)have been defined in the last two decades. One such disorder involves biallelic mutations...

The intra-tissue level of thyroid hormones (THs) regulates organ functions. Environmental factors can impair it by damaging the thyroid gland and/or the peripheral TH metabolism. We investigated the effects of embryonic and/or...

Little is known about body weight status and the association between body weight and common comorbidities in children and adults with Down syndrome (DS), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other intellectual and developmental...

The association between chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT) and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) remains controversial. The incidence of DTC increases when screening procedures are implemented, as typically occurs in CAT...

To examine the differences between pregnant women who underwent embryo transfer (ET) and those who conceived naturally, as well as differences in their respective babies, and to determine the causes for these differences, to...

Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare but serious complication of metformin use, associated with high mortality. MALA can occur any time a patient on metformin suffers disruption in renal function resulting in...