Zika virus (ZIKV) leads to symptoms of neuro-ocularity, with symptoms from conjunctivitis to Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). No licenced vaccine exists despite the international threat posed by ZIKV. As ZIKV and DENV are closely linked, one virus antibody has shown that they can improve the other. BALB/c mice received two doses of inactivated whole ZIKV (ZVIP) intramuscularly (IM) or cutaneously with dissolving patching, microneedle, to examine if vaccines may confer robust, long term protection against ZIKV, neuro-ocular pathology and long-term inflammatory conditions in immunoprofile compartments (MNP). Induced by MNP immunisation, significantly larger B and T cell response compared to the IM vaccine, leading to enhanced ZPIV-avidity antibody teters and increased numbers of T cells secreting IFN-μ, TNF-α, IL- and IL-4. Higher Cross-reactance with Asian and African line of ZIKV and dengue virus(DENV) serotypes, reduced ADE and decreased reactivity to GBS-associated gangliosides compared to IM vaccination, shows increased skin neutralisation activity.

Virus vaccination and inflammation well controlled, preventing neuro-ocular disease. Conversely, IM immunisation increases ocular disorder, leading to long-term inflammation that is uncontrolled. Importantly, neuro-ocular disease is associated by demyelination and GBS antiganglioside antibodies. This study emphasises the importance of longevity studies in the ZIKV vaccine and the necessity to explore different vaccination platforms to increase the quality of immune responses caused by the vaccine.

Reference: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21645515.2020.1775460

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