Here are what the editors at HealthDay consider to be the most important developments in Pediatrics for May 2018. This roundup includes the latest research news from journal articles, as well as the FDA approvals and regulatory changes that are the most likely to affect clinical practice.

ASHP: SVP, Injectable Opioid Shortages Threaten Patient Care

THURSDAY, May 31, 2018 (HealthDay News) — The widespread shortages of injectable opioids and small-volume parenteral (SVP) solutions are jeopardizing patient care and placing a strain on hospital operations, according to a report published by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP).

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Oral Propranolol Seems Safe for Infantile Hemangioma

THURSDAY, May 31, 2018 (HealthDay News) — The safety profile of oral propranolol seems to be good for children with infantile hemangioma, according to a study published online May 29 in Pediatrics.

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Parents Have Concerns Over Food Allergy Precautions at Schools

WEDNESDAY, May 30, 2018 (HealthDay News) — A substantial portion of parents whose children have food allergies have concerns over the safety of their child at school, according to a study published online May 12 in BMC Pediatrics.

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Children Typically Have 14 Simple Infections by Age 3 Years

WEDNESDAY, May 30, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Children experience a median of 14 infections during their first three years of life, though there is large variation in incidence, according to a study published online May 24 in Pediatrics.

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Teens’ Self-Esteem, Peer Status Tied to Later Eating Disorders

TUESDAY, May 29, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Self-perception of attractiveness and peer status in early adolescence are significant predictors of eating disorders in young adults, according to a study published online April 27 in the International Journal of Eating Disorders.

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AACAP: Severe National Shortages of Child, Teen Psychiatrists

TUESDAY, May 29, 2018 (HealthDay News) — There are severe national shortages of child and adolescent psychiatrists, according to updated maps published by the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.

Workforce Maps

Babies of Adolescents in CPS Care More Likely to Be Taken Into Care

TUESDAY, May 29, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Teen mothers who are in the care of child protection services (CPS) when they gave birth have more than a seven times higher likelihood that their child will be taken into care before age 2 years, compared to teen mothers not in CPS, according to a study published online May 29 in Pediatrics.

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Most Premature Infants Receive Early Antibiotics

TUESDAY, May 29, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Most premature infants receive empirical antibiotic therapy, according to a study published online May 25 in JAMA Network Open.

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Gaps in Care Post Discharge for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

TUESDAY, May 29, 2018 (HealthDay News) — There are considerable gaps in follow-up care for patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) who have been discharged from the hospital, according to a study published online May 25 in JAMA Network Open.

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CDC IDs Outbreak Trends Tied to Treated Recreational Water

FRIDAY, May 25, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Outbreaks associated with treated recreational water with confirmed infectious etiology are usually caused by Cryptosporidium, Legionella, or Pseudomonas, according to research published in the May 18 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.

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Early-Life Weight Associated With Cognitive Factors

FRIDAY, May 25, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Early-life weight status has an inverse association with some cognitive abilities in children, according to a study published online May 23 in Obesity.

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Mortality Still High After Surgery for Congenital Heart Defects

FRIDAY, May 25, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Long-term mortality after congenital heart surgery is higher than that of the general population for all forms of congenital heart defects (CHDs), according to a study published in the May 29 issue of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

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AAP Recommending Injectable Flu Shot for 2018-19 Flu Season

THURSDAY, May 24, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Parents are advised to choose the injectable flu vaccine for the 2018 to 2019 season, according to a decision published by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), which will publish a formal policy statement on the issue in September.

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Congress Approves Bill Expanding Private Care for VA Patients

THURSDAY, May 24, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Patients served by the beleaguered Veterans Affairs health system may have wider access to private care, thanks to a bill approved Wednesday by the Senate. President Donald Trump is known to support the bill, which now awaits his signature.

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Burosumab May Benefit Children With X-Linked Hypophosphatemia

THURSDAY, May 24, 2018 (HealthDay News) — For children with X-linked hypophosphatemia, subcutaneous burosumab is associated with decreases in rickets severity and with improved renal tubular phosphate reabsorption, according to a study published in the May 24 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.

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Global Variation in Personal Health Care Access and Quality

THURSDAY, May 24, 2018 (HealthDay News) — There is considerable global variation in personal health care access and quality, according to a study published online May 23 in The Lancet.

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AAP: Congress Urged to Act to Prevent Firearm Deaths

WEDNESDAY, May 23, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Pediatricians are joining the call for action to prevent firearm deaths and injuries, according to a letter published by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Letter

Pediatricians Should Advocate for Life Support Training

WEDNESDAY, May 23, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Pediatricians should advocate for life support training for children, parents, caregivers, school personnel, and the public, according to a technical report and policy statement published online May 23 in Pediatrics.

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Vitamin D Supplement Tied to Less Wheezing in Black Preemies

WEDNESDAY, May 23, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Vitamin D sustained supplementation is associated with reduced recurrent wheezing among black infants born preterm, according to a study published in the May 22/29 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

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Recommendations Developed for Managing Postpartum Pain

WEDNESDAY, May 23, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Recommendations for managing postpartum pain have been developed and published in a Committee Opinion online May 17 in Obstetrics & Gynecology.

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Preventing Child Maltreatment Not Yet Feasible in Primary Care

TUESDAY, May 22, 2018 (HealthDay News) — The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) concludes that the evidence is inadequate for primary care interventions to prevent maltreatment. These findings form the basis of a draft recommendation statement published online May 22 by the USPSTF.

Draft Evidence Review
Draft Recommendation Statement
Comment on Recommendation Statement

Increase in Pediatric ADHD Meds Exposures from 2000 to 2011

TUESDAY, May 22, 2018 (HealthDay News) — From 2000 through 2011 there was an increase in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication exposures reported to U.S. poison control centers, according to a study published online May 21 in Pediatrics.

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TNFi Exposure In Utero Does Not Up Serious Infection Risk

TUESDAY, May 22, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Offspring born to mothers with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who are exposed to tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors (TNFi) in the gestational period do not have a significantly increased risk of serious infections, according to a study published online May 17 in Arthritis & Rheumatology.

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Age-Related Racial Disparity Examined in Childhood Suicide

TUESDAY, May 22, 2018 (HealthDay News) — For childhood suicide, there is a significant age-related racial disparity, according to a research letter published online May 21 in JAMA Pediatrics.

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CDC: No Change in Level of Uninsured in U.S. in 2017

TUESDAY, May 22, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Overall, 9.1 percent of individuals in the United States were uninsured in 2017, which was not significantly different from the level in 2016, according to a report published online May 22 by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Centers for Health Statistics.

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Addressing Parents’ HPV Vaccine Hesitancy Ups Vaccination Rates

TUESDAY, May 22, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Providers engaging parents hesitant about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and addressing their concerns can lead to same-day vaccinations, according to a study published online May 15 in Pediatrics.

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Social, Communication Delays With False-Negative on M-CHAT

MONDAY, May 21, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Children who pass the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) screening at 18 months but later receive diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit delays in social, communication, and motor skills, according to a study published online May 21 in Pediatrics.

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Over Half of Young Adult Smoke Volume Exposure From Hookahs

FRIDAY, May 18, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Waterpipe tobacco smoking (or hookah smoking) accounts for half of young adults’ tobacco smoke exposure, according to a study published online May 16 in Tobacco Control.

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Language Used in Medical Record Can Affect Patient Care

FRIDAY, May 18, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Stigmatizing language used in medical records to describe patients can influence medical students and residents in terms of their attitudes towards the patient and their clinical decision-making, according to a study published in the May issue of the Journal of General Internal Medicine.

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Two Novel Immune-Response Clusters Identified to RSV

FRIDAY, May 18, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Two novel immune-response clusters have been identified to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and they are associated with first- and second-year recurrent wheeze, according to a study published online May 7 in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.

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Chemicals in Hair Products for Black Women Raise Concerns

FRIDAY, May 18, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Multiple chemicals associated with endocrine disruption and asthma are contained in hair products used by black women and children, according to a study published online April 25 in Environmental Research.

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Most Teens, Young Women Satisfied With IUD Insertion

FRIDAY, May 18, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Most adolescent and young adult women report high satisfaction with intrauterine device (IUD) insertion, according to a study published online May 7 in Obstetrics & Gynecology.

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Good Evidence That HPV Vaccines Protect Against Cervical Precancer

THURSDAY, May 17, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines protect against cervical precancer in adolescent girls and young women, according to a review published online May 9 in the Cochrane Library.

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CDC: Number of U.S. Births Dropped to 30-Year Low in 2017

THURSDAY, May 17, 2018 (HealthDay News) — The number of U.S. births decreased in 2017, reaching a 30-year low, according to a report published online May 17 by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics.

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Budesonide-Formoterol Used As Needed Beneficial in Mild Asthma

THURSDAY, May 17, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Inhaled combined budesonide-formoterol used as needed is beneficial for mild asthma, according to two studies published in the May 17 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.

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New Rabies Test Could Radically Change Testing, Treatment

WEDNESDAY, May 16, 2018 (HealthDay News) — A new rapid rabies test for animals could revolutionize screening and spare humans unnecessary painful treatment, according to a U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention study published online May 16 in PLOS ONE.

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Addition of Cannabidiol May Cut Drop Seizures in Lennox-Gastaut

WEDNESDAY, May 16, 2018 (HealthDay News) — The addition of cannabidiol to conventional antiepileptic medication is associated with a reduction in the frequency of drop seizures among patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, according to a study published in the May 17 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.

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Nonprofit Manufacturer Could Keep Generic Drug Costs Down

WEDNESDAY, May 16, 2018 (HealthDay News) — A nonprofit manufacturer could help keep generic drug prices down and maintain their supply, according to a perspective piece published in the May 17 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.

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Suicide Ideation, Attempts Increasing Among U.S. Children

WEDNESDAY, May 16, 2018 (HealthDay News) — From 2008 to 2015 there was an increase in encounters for suicide ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SAs) among U.S. children, according to a study published online May 16 in Pediatrics.

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Fetal Growth, Maternal Anger Impact Infant Regulation

WEDNESDAY, May 16, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Poor prenatal growth and higher postnatal anger have indirect effects on infant reactivity and regulation (RR), according to a study published in the March/April issue of Child Development.

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Hepatitis C-Exposed Infants Not Adequately Screened

WEDNESDAY, May 16, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Many infants who are exposed to hepatitis C virus (HCV) during pregnancy are not screened for HCV infection, according to a study published online May 2 in Pediatrics.

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Best Practices Developed for Use of EHR to Enhance Patient Care

WEDNESDAY, May 16, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Best practices have been developed for using electronic health records (EHRs) to enhance patient-centered care, according to an article published online in Medical Economics.

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Prescription Med Use in Children Down Overall From 1999 to 2014

TUESDAY, May 15, 2018 (HealthDay News) — From 1999 to 2014 there was a decrease in prescription medication use overall among children and adolescents, according to a study published in the May 15 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

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Peripheral Neuropathy Common in Childhood Cancer Survivors

TUESDAY, May 15, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Childhood cancer survivors frequently have clinical abnormalities attributable to peripheral neuropathy, according to a study published online May 14 in JAMA Neurology.

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Early Post-Op APAP Exposure May Cut AKI Risk in Peds Cardiac Sx

TUESDAY, May 15, 2018 (HealthDay News) — For pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery, early postoperative acetaminophen exposure may be associated with a reduced rate of acute kidney injury (AKI), according to a study published online May 14 in JAMA Pediatrics.

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Asthma Mortality Inversely Tied to Deprivation in English Young

TUESDAY, May 15, 2018 (HealthDay News) — For children and younger adults with asthma, prevalence and admissions increase with deprivation, while mortality is inversely associated with deprivation, according to a study published online May 14 in Thorax.

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Use of Systematic Reviews Affects Newborn Screening Policy

TUESDAY, May 15, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Use of systematic review methodology is associated with reduced likelihood of screening for rare diseases using the newborn blood spot test being recommended, according to a meta-analysis published online May 9 in The BMJ.

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FDA Expands Use of MS Drug to Include Children

MONDAY, May 14, 2018 (HealthDay News) — The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has expanded its approval of the multiple sclerosis drug Gilenya (fingolimod) to include children aged 10 and older.

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Increase in Proportion of Births at Gestational Age 39 to 40 Weeks

MONDAY, May 14, 2018 (HealthDay News) — From 2007 to 2015 there was an increase in the proportion of births at gestational age 39 to 40 weeks, and perinatal mortality at this gestational age decreased, according to a study published online May 14 in JAMA Pediatrics.

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Maternal Exposure to Polluted Air Tied to Elevated Child BP

MONDAY, May 14, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Exposure to ambient air pollution in the third trimester of pregnancy is associated with increased risk of elevated blood pressure (BP) among offspring, according to a study published online May 14 in Hypertension.

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Reported Cannabis Use Up in Parents With Children in Home

MONDAY, May 14, 2018 (HealthDay News) — From 2002 to 2015 there was an increase in reported cannabis use among parents with children in the home, according to a study published online May 14 in Pediatrics.

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Rates of Major Depression Up Among U.S. Insured, Esp. Youth

MONDAY, May 14, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Diagnoses of major depression have increased since 2013, particularly among adolescents and millennials, according to a report published May 10 by Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS).

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Primary Care Providers Have Mixed Views on Genetic Tests

FRIDAY, May 11, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Primary care providers view tests for genetic risks of common diseases as useful, but lack confidence in interpreting results, according to a study published in the May issue of Health Affairs.

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Emotion Regulation Program Cuts Risky Sex Behaviors in Youth

FRIDAY, May 11, 2018 (HealthDay News) — An emotion regulation intervention reduced sexual risk behaviors among at-risk middle school students, according to a study published online May 10 in Pediatrics.

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Initiative Cuts Overuse of Tests, Treatments for Bronchiolitis

FRIDAY, May 11, 2018 (HealthDay News) — A multidisciplinary improvement initiative can reduce overuse of interventions for bronchiolitis, according to a study published online May 11 in Pediatrics.

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Novel Thirdhand Smoke Exposure Route Identified

THURSDAY, May 10, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Thirdhand smoke (THS), the chemical residue from cigarette smoke that attaches to anything and anyone in the vicinity of a smoke cloud, can still make its way into the air of buildings that currently have a non-smoking designation, according to a study published online May 9 in Science Advances.

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Recent Oral Antibiotics Use Tied to Higher Risk of Nephrolithiasis

THURSDAY, May 10, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Recent use of oral antibiotics is associated with increased odds of nephrolithiasis, according to a study published online May 10 in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology.

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Age of First Football Tackles Tied to Neuro Symptom Onset

THURSDAY, May 10, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Younger age of exposure to tackle football predicts earlier neurobehavioral symptom onset among players with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), according to a study published online April 30 in the Annals of Neurology.

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Birth Factors Mostly Explain England’s Child Mortality Rate

WEDNESDAY, May 9, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Birth characteristics largely explain the higher child mortality in England versus Sweden, according to a study published online May 3 in The Lancet.

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Peds Fasting Duration Not Tied to Adverse Sedation Outcomes

WEDNESDAY, May 9, 2018 (HealthDay News) — For children undergoing procedural sedation for a painful procedure, fasting duration is not associated with adverse events, according to a study published online May 7 in JAMA Pediatrics.

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Regulatory Requirements Drive Dissatisfaction With EHRs

TUESDAY, May 8, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Regulatory requirements are likely to be an important aspect of physician dissatisfaction with electronic health records (EHRs) that is driving burnout, according to an Ideas and Opinions piece published online May 8 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.

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Exceptional Glycemic Control With Very Low-Carbohydrate Diet

TUESDAY, May 8, 2018 (HealthDay News) — For children and adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), consuming a very low-carbohydrate diet (VLCD) is associated with exceptional glycemic control, according to a study published online May 7 in Pediatrics.

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Risk of Pediatric Mental Illness Up After Injury Hospitalization

TUESDAY, May 8, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Medicaid-insured children are at increased risk for mental health diagnoses and psychotropic prescriptions after hospitalization for an injury compared with pre-hospitalization, according to a study published online May 7 in The Journal of Pediatrics.

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After-School Activities Beneficial for Children With ADHD

TUESDAY, May 8, 2018 (HealthDay News) — For children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), participation in after-school activities (ASA) is associated with reduced odds of moderate-to-severe ADHD and having seven or more missed school days, according to a study presented at the annual meeting of the Pediatric Academic Societies, held from May 5 to 8 in Toronto.

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Automated Algorithm Accurately IDs Plus Disease in ROP

TUESDAY, May 8, 2018 (HealthDay News) — A fully automated algorithm can accurately diagnose plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), according to a study published online May 2 in JAMA Ophthalmology.

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Adverse Outcomes Up for Vaginal Birth After Previous C-Section

MONDAY, May 7, 2018 (HealthDay News) — The rates of severe maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality are elevated with attempted vaginal delivery after single prior cesarean delivery, according to a study published in the May 7 issue of CMAJ, the journal of the Canadian Medical Association.

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Daily Sports Drink Consumption Down in U.S. Teenagers

MONDAY, May 7, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Teenagers’ weekly consumption of sports drinks increased from 2010 to 2015, although daily consumption declined for most teens, according to a study published online May 7 in Pediatrics.

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Many Organizations Not Meeting Trial Reporting Requirements

FRIDAY, May 4, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Many organizations are not meeting the trial registration and results reporting requirements clarified by “The Final Rule,” which had a compliance date of April 18, 2017, according to a study published online May 1 in BMC Medicine.

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Low Neighborhood Walkability Increases Risk of Asthma in Kids

FRIDAY, May 4, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Children living in neighborhoods with low walkability are at increased risk of asthma, according to a study published online April 17 in the Annals of the American Thoracic Society.

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Psychiatric Diagnosis Common in Medicaid-Insured Children

FRIDAY, May 4, 2018 (HealthDay News) — About 20 percent of Medicaid-insured children receive a psychiatric diagnosis by age 8 years, according to a study published online April 30 in JAMA Pediatrics.

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Unit-Dose Packaging Cuts Accidental Peds Opioid Exposures

THURSDAY, May 3, 2018 (HealthDay News) — The transition to use of buprenorphine products with unit-dose packaging (UDP) starting in 2010 correlated with a reduction in unintentional pediatric exposures to buprenorphine-naloxone, according to a study published online May 3 in Pediatrics.

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No Clinical Benefit Seen for Bath Emollients in Childhood Eczema

THURSDAY, May 3, 2018 (HealthDay News) — For children with eczema, there is no clinical benefit for adding emollient bath additives, according to a study published online May 2 in The BMJ.

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Pediatric Pharmacists Face Unique Challenges

WEDNESDAY, May 2, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Board-certified pediatric pharmacists can have a significant impact on pediatric patients with their unique pharmacy needs, according to a report published in Drug Topics.

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Health Care for Undocumented Immigrants Is Complex

WEDNESDAY, May 2, 2018 (HealthDay News) — In a perspective piece published in the May 2 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, health care for undocumented immigrants is addressed in the context of an anti-immigration federal policy environment.

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Vectorborne Diseases Up More Than Two-Fold From 2004 to 2016

WEDNESDAY, May 2, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Vectorborne diseases represent an increasing problem in the United States, with a more than two-fold increase in the number of annual reports from 2004 to 2016, according to research published in the May 1 early-release issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.

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Practices Should Be Aware of Correct Way to Fire Employees

TUESDAY, May 1, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Physicians should be aware of the correct protocol for, as well as the laws involved in, firing employees, according to a report published in Medical Economics.

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Maternal, Child Sugar Intake Could Impact Child Cognition

TUESDAY, May 1, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Greater sugar consumption during pregnancy and early childhood may adversely impact child cognition, according to a study published online April 16 in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.

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Anesthesia Before Age 3 Not Linked to Intelligence Deficits

TUESDAY, May 1, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Multiple exposures to anesthesia before the age of 3 years may have neuropsychological impacts, though intelligence does not appear to be affected, according to a study published online April 18 in Anesthesiology.

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