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The following is a summary of “Clinical and imaging strategies for the assessment of the ocular side effects of systemic targeted anti-cancer therapies,” published in the April 2025 issue of the European Journal of Cancer by Michaels et al.

Systemic targeted anti-cancer therapies have revolutionized oncology by selectively attacking malignant cells while minimizing systemic toxicity. However, the eye, due to its complex anatomy and heightened sensitivity, remains particularly vulnerable to adverse effects from these agents. As the use of novel targeted therapies continues to expand, a growing body of evidence has linked these treatments to a range of ocular complications that may significantly affect patient quality of life and treatment adherence.

This review provides an updated synthesis of the ocular side effects associated with newer classes of targeted chemotherapy agents. It highlights the specific ophthalmic complications reported, ranging from mild symptoms such as dry eye and conjunctivitis to more serious manifestations including retinal vascular events, optic neuropathy, and uveitis. Early identification and management of these toxicities are critical, as delayed intervention may result in irreversible vision loss.

In addition to cataloging the ophthalmic risks associated with targeted therapies, this review proposes minimum, pragmatic, and evidence-based strategies for the screening and monitoring of ocular side effects. These recommendations are designed to be practical and adaptable to various clinical settings. They emphasize the importance of baseline ophthalmologic evaluation and periodic monitoring using modern, non-invasive imaging techniques such as OCT and fundus photography, tailored according to the specific therapy and patient risk factors.

The framework outlined aims to assist oncologists, clinical trial managers, protocol developers, and regulatory authorities in integrating appropriate ophthalmic assessments into patient care protocols. By doing so, it seeks to ensure that ocular toxicities are detected early and managed effectively without compromising cancer treatment outcomes.

In summary, as targeted cancer therapies become increasingly integral to oncology practice, it is essential to recognize their potential ocular side effects and implement proactive monitoring strategies. Multidisciplinary collaboration between oncology and ophthalmology teams will be crucial to safeguarding both the systemic and visual health of patients undergoing these advanced therapies.

Source: ejcancer.com/article/S0959-8049(25)00233-3/fulltext