Photo Credit: Evgeniya Pavlova
The following is a summary of “Monosensitization vs Polysensitization in Severe Asthma: Implications for Disease Severity,” published in the May 2025 issue of Journal of Asthma and Allergy by Gueçamburu et al.
Researchers conducted a retrospective study to describe sensitization profiles and allergic comorbidities among adults with severe asthma and examined their association with asthma severity.
They included adults evaluated at the Severe Asthma Clinic of Bichat University Hospital (Paris, France) during a 1-day hospital stay between May 2022 and January 2024. Sensitization was defined by a positive skin prick test and/or allergen-specific IgE levels greater than 0.10 kUA/L. Allergic comorbidities were recorded for each individual and the Asthma Severity Scoring System (ASSESS) was used to grade asthma severity.
The results showed that among the 201 individuals included, 142 (70.6%) had at least 1 sensitization to an aeroallergen. Of these, 38 (26.8%) were mono sensitized, while 104 (73.2%) were polysensitized. Individuals who were monosensitized were older at asthma diagnosis (30.6 ± 20.1 years vs 21.7 ± 17.6 years, P= 0.01) and had higher ASSESS values (median (Q1; Q3): 13 (11; 15) vs 11 (9; 14), P= 0.02). Pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (% predicted) was lower in the mono sensitized group (70.3 ± 23.2 vs 79.3 ± 21.8, P= 0.03). The exacerbation burden was greater in this group as well (P= 0.03) and there were more individuals with polysensitization who had 3 or more allergic comorbidities, although the total number of allergic comorbidities was not associated with asthma severity.
Investigators concluded that individuals with monosensitization had more severe disease and airway obstruction, indicating that allergies may have played a limited role in determining asthma severity in adults with late-onset asthma.
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