“Despite the approval of numerous gene-targeted and [immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)] therapies, and the existence of guidelines advocating their use in metastatic and locally advanced [non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)], it is estimated that half of the patients do not benefit from precision medicine interventions,” researchers wrote in Lung Cancer. “Th is gap can be attributed to a myriad of factors that affect the testing continuum, including the processing of tissue specimens, the ordering and performance of diagnostic tests, and the interpretation of results. Additionally, the financial aspects concerning the cost and insurance coverage of molecular diagnostics and treatments present considerable obstacles.” Further, a “comparable disparity” is emerging for patients with operable NSCLC, Fernando Lopez-Rios, MD, PhD, and colleagues continued. “Although the efficacy of ICIs and targeted therapies has been established, underscoring the critical need for predictive biomarker testing, numerous challenges persist in the implementation phase.” Such obstacles require study, the researchers continued. Their review examined three major impediments to biomarker testing in this population and proposed solutions to address these issues. “Early comprehensive molecular testing of patients with operable NSCLC at the start of their disease journey will not only inform immediate treatment decision-making but [will] also inform future treatment decisions for those patients that progress to metastatic disease,” Dr. Lopez-Rios and colleagues wrote. ”To help physicians manage the vast amount of information generated from these tests, we recommend that [molecular tumor boards] are formed and used, so that expertise can be efficiently shared, resulting in an optimal, personalized treatment plan for [patients diagnosed with early NSCLC].”