For a study, it was determined that Anaphylaxis was frequently caused by insect venom sensitivity. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant (CCD) epitopes of common glycoproteins obstruct venom immunotherapy by preventing unambiguous identification of the responsible insect. Anti-N-Glycan CCD IgE antibodies were discussed in terms of inducers, significance, and relevance. Due to substantial IgE cross-reactivity, pollen exposure and insect stings created anti-CCD IgE antibodies, which then interfered with in-vitro allergy testing. These antibodies were not physiologically active, thus they were regarded as useless for allergic responses to Hymenoptera stings. The immune system’s overall reaction to the ubiquitous exposure to N-glycan-containing glycoproteins was still up for dispute. Tolerance induction owing to high-dose exposure was suggested by the CCD-specific IgG antibodies in the beekeepers’ sera. Pollen and dietary glycoproteins had not been shown to induce tolerance.
Anti-CCD IgE was produced in response to Hymenoptera stings and pollen exposure. These antibodies were not clinically significant for anaphylaxis caused by Hymenoptera stings, but they played a crucial role in the specificity of in-vitro testing used to prove insect venom allergy. When proteins devoid of CCD epitopes were employed, component-based diagnostic IgE testing enhanced the specificity of in-vitro tests.
Reference:journals.lww.com/co-allergy/Abstract/2013/08000/Cross_reacting_carbohydrate_determinants_and.8.aspx
