Long-term weight gain after initiating combination antiretroviral therapy in treatment-naïve Asian people living with human immunodeficiency virus.

We investigated weight changes following antiretroviral therapy initiation in treatment-naïve Asians with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH).
This retrospective observational study evaluated adult treatment-naïve Asian PLWH, who started integrase strand transfer inhibitor-, protease inhibitor-, or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy at the AIDS Clinical Centre, Tokyo, between January 2005 and February 2019. Patients were followed up until October 2019. Multivariate linear mixed-effects models were used to generate marginal predictions of weight over time. Predicted weight was reported at 3-month intervals until censoring or for 5 years after initiating treatment.
Five years after treatment initiation, patients who initiated dolutegravir-, darunavir-, and elvitegravir-based treatment gained 5.3 kg, 4.1 kg, and 4.6 kg average weight, respectively, while those who initiated raltegravir-, lopinavir-, atazanavir-based treatment gained 1.9 kg, 2.1 kg, and 2.3 kg average weight, respectively. Patients who initiated treatment with backbone drugs, tenofovir alafenamide, abacavir, and tenofovir disproxil fumarateb gained 4.1 kg, 3.0 kg, and 3.0 kg, average weight, respectively; while, those treated with dolutegravir plus tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine gained 6.7 kg average weight.
Antiretroviral-therapy-associated weight gain continued to increase for 5 years following treatment initiation. A combination of dolutegravir and tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine was associated with the maximum weight gain.

Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.