Lanthipeptides are ribosomally synthesized and post translationally modified peptides, with modifications that are incorporated during biosynthesis by dedicated enzymes. Various modifications of the peptides are possible resulting in a highly diverse group of bioactive peptides that offer a potential reservoir for use in the fight against a plethora of diseases. Their activities range from the antimicrobial properties of lantibiotics, especially against antibiotic-resistant strains, to antiviral activity, immunomodulatory properties, antiallodynic effects and the potential to alleviate cystic fibrosis symptoms. Lanthipeptide biosynthetic genes are widespread within bacterial genomes providing a substantial repository for novel bioactive peptides. Using genome mining tools novel bioactive lanthipeptides can be identified and coupled with rapid screening and heterologous expression technologies the lanthipeptide drug discovery pipeline can be significantly sped up. Lanthipeptides represents a group of bioactive peptides that holds great potential as biotherapeutics, especially at a time when novel and more effective therapies are required.With this review we provide insight into the latest developments made towards the therapeutic applications and production of lanthipeptides, specifically looking at heterologous expression systems.
Copyright © 2021 American Society for Microbiology.

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