The article considers problem of infertility in married couples, which has ultimate social-demographic importance and affects interests of the state, society and the family itself. The purpose of the study is to analyze situation with infertility of married couples in Russia and to propose means to resolve mentioned problem. The risk factors in reproductology are to be taken into account both at all stages of growth, development and vital activity of human organism and at selection of married couples. It is noted that maximal prevention of secondary infertility is a task of particular importance that requires implementation of extensive measures of explanatory character and lifestyle improvement. This key direction in health protection strategy is applied to married couples, young people and population as a whole. The study is one of evidences of systematic expansion of therapeutic and preventive possibilities for rehabilitation of disorders of childbearing function. The attitude to problems of reproduction depends on social-demographic situation. The shortage of population growth on national scale requires active measures stimulating childbearing. In Russia, social measures, legislation and demographic policy are targeted to maintaining population growth. The methodical study and timely elimination of inherited defects and acquired abnormal states of genitals and taking into account importance of maintenance of reproductive function, amelioration of conditions of life and labor significantly increase efficiency of rehabilitation measures.